Welch-allyn A Guide To The Use Of Diagnostic Instruments In Ey Instrukcja Użytkownika Pobierz pdf (Strona 7)

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Common Pathologies of the Eye

NORMAL FUNDUS

Disc: Outline clear; central physiological cup is pale

Retina: Normal red/orange color, macula is dark; avascular

area temporally

Vessels: Arterial/venous ratio 2 to 3; the arteries appear a bright

red, the veins a slightly purplish color

HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY

Disc: Outline clear

Retina: Exudates and flame hemorrhages

Vessels: Attenuated arterial reflex

HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY

(ADVANCED MALIGNANT)

Disc: Elevated, edematous disc; blurred disc margins

Retina: Prominent flame hemorrhages surrounding vessels

near disc border

Vessels: Attenuated retinal arterioles

CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION

Disc: Virtually obscured by edema and hemorrhages

Retina: Extensive blot retinal hemorrhages in all quadrants

to periphery

Vessels: Dilated tortuous veins; vessels partially obscured

by hemorrhages

INFERIOR BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY

OCCLUSION DUE TO EMBOLUS

Disc: Prominent embolus at retinal artery bifurcation

Retina: Inferior retina shows pale, milky edema; superior

retina is normal

Vessels: Inferior arteriole tree greatly attenuated and irregular;

superior vessel is normal

NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Disc: Normal

Retina: Numerous scattered exudates and hemorrhages

Vessels: Mild dilation of retinal veins

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Welch-allyn A Guide To The Use Of Diagnostic Instruments In Ey Instrukcja Użytkownika Strona 7